Atmel Avr

100ATMEL ATMEGA48V 10PU AVR 8 bit Microcontroller chip
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50ATMEL ATMEGA16L 8AU IC AVR MCU 16K 8MHZ 3V 44TQFP
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50pcs ATMEL ATTINY 2313 ATTINY2313 20PU AVR
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50ATMEL ATTINY 2313 ATTINY2313 20PU AVR DIP 20NEW m
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100X ATMEL ATMEGA8L 8PU DIP 28PIN Microcontroller MCU AVR NEW CK15
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AVR MK2 MKII USB JTAGICE Programmer Emulator ATMEL Debugger Compliant Studio 5
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Atmel Avr

Q & AVR MCU Series

Q: I want to use the Mega AVR microcontroller series, which microcontroller development tools support this?
A microcontroller in the AVR Mega series has a comprehensive assessment of development tools / programming board
ATMEL's STK500 (980 yuan / set) starting kit is suitable for the development Atmega103 chip programmed on the chip is programmed by the system (ISP) interface to complete
Emulator
ATMEL's ATICE30 applicable to real-time simulation
C compiler:
All the C compilers are in the ATMEL web site about third-party tool vendors listed on the page; ATMEL Corporation on its Web site still offers many free software that they can be used to AVR microcontroller and analog compilation procedures are free to download the software, these products can also be ATMEL authorized regional distributors and sales agents to obtain.
Q: What are the support for the initial kit AVR
A STK100, SL-AVR, SL-OKAVR, SL-AVRL support the Tiny series MCU AVR
STK200, SL-AVR, SL-OKAVR, SL-AVRL support the AVR microcontroller family is AT90S
STK300, SL-AVR, SL-OKAVR, SL-AVRL also supports the Mega103 AVR microcontroller.
STK500, SL-AVR, SL-OKAVR, SL-AVRL also supports the Mega103 AVR microcontroller
All kits include start button LED indicator RS232 communication interface I / O ports located in the PCB board through edge connector plug kit can be used STK200/300 off-line programming ISP there is a cable that can be used to program the chip on the STK300 AVR also provides the AVR application builder can be used to generate peripheral initialization code
Q: Even if I sometimes do not use the watchdog in the AVR Studio debugger software, the status bar to see "WDT reset" WDT reset message Why is that? A when the target device is running at a higher frequency of greater than 6 MHZ) when Flat Cable FPC cable from the noise signals may trigger the error detection circuit which WDT reset procedure did not affect the simulation and implementation of the reasons they will not be generated due to noise, reset noise affects only the AVR Studio software debugging information processing in this case Do not ignore this information when the next target device is running at a lower frequency of less than or equal to 4 MHZ this problem should not occur when
Q: I just got a ICE 200 emulator using different chips and different time to run diagnostic programs while the other failed when they were all normal What is the reason?
A simulator at the ICE200 the first product is a firmware problem of the monitoring program this phenomenon led to this phenomenon can be upgraded to the new version of the monitoring program to fix when using version 2.02 or higher AVRStudio AVR Studio software will read check the firmware version and check if your ICE200 this issue need to upgrade it will guide you through the upgrade process the checks only in the loaded application can be executed when running diagnostic programs will not be activated when you first try to run the diagnostic program diagnostic procedures diagnosis emulator does not check the firmware version and may fail if you happen to have diagnosed this diagnosis should not ignore the failure of the application directly to the load then you will be able to upgrade the monitoring program ICE200 come back after the upgrade to run diagnostics the correct diagnosis should be all the (now sold ICE200 note has been no such problem)
Q: How do I check my version of AVR emulator?
A simulator is connected in time to open the AVR Studio program selection menu Help-> About-> Info to get your information AT90ICEPRO emulator version 1.20 and ATmegaICE in prior versions prior to 1.11 can not be AVR Studio software detected a newer version already has and can be freely downloaded from the Atmel website.
Q: The program or microcontroller emulator does not work, and in the emulator seems to work normal What is the reason?
A stack pointer is set to the common problems of all the AVR Microcontroller with SRAM stack pointer must be set to the last address in the SRAM
In the assembly program is right to do so
ldi R16 low (RAMEND) loading the low byte of the stack pointer to the R16
out SPL R16 output this value to the stack pointer register
ldi R16 high (RAMEND) loading the stack pointer high byte to the R16
out SPH R16 if the AVR's SRAM is less than 256 bytes will comment out this line
In the C program stack pointer is set in the startup code of attention automatically linked file (XCL file) defines the location of the stack pointer, please refer to Application Note AVR032 ---- C compiler linked file "
Q: Where can I find a complete AVR instruction set?
A set of instructions on Atmel's web site Products-> AVR 8 bit RISC-> Datasheets the following website or directly Atmel.com/atmel/products/prod200.htm page; <<AVR embedded high-speed Principles and Applications>> Appendix
3 AVR Instruction Fact Sheet
Q: When using the AVR microcontroller started a new project, the most common and what common problems?
A most common mistake is to forget the most common hardware stack of chips with no means to set the stack for the AT90S8515 MCU is proper to do so on
LDI R16 low (RAMEND)
OUT SPL R16
LDI R16 high (RAMEND)
OUT SPH R16
Note in the assembly language source program ATMEL often registers R16 to replace the sign with the temp
Another common mistake is to use the port as output ports in the AVR microcontroller forget to set the port as output to use is by writing a 1 to the data direction register (DDR) set the port to complete the example, the output high PORTB
LDI R16 0xFF hexadecimal FF to load register R16
OUT DDRB R16 set the port to use PORTB as output
OUT PORTB R16 set the port output high PORTB
When using the AVR assembler third common mistake is to load the program memory in use (LPM) program memory instruction points to the wrong address in the AVR's program memory is organized into 16 bit words in the form of the LPM instruction is 8bit LPM instruction bytes read 16-bit word can be read high byte or low byte of any one of the reasons for this program must be 16-bit memory address into two points to the byte you want to load Address

Q: I used back in the AT90ICEPRO (Trace options very difficult to feel like every time Why not start back function?
A: Let us assume that you stop the simulation at the address at 0x20 set to start if you are the trigger back function address is the same address that the program is then re-0x20 0x20 arrive back before the function is invalid because it is the trigger conditions and breakpoint information AVR should be loaded before the command so despite the nucleus of the trigger conditions of instructions and the address 0x20 is loaded but before that the instructions in the AVR core has no effect if you set the trigger conditions for a program that has not reached the address should not be any problems
Q: Mega103/603 which microcontroller pins used for on-line programming (ISP)?
A Mega103/603 microcontroller pin interface for online programming, such as the following
SCK - SCK (PB1 pin 11)
MISO - PDO (PE1 pin 3)
MOSI - PDI (PE0 pin 2)
RESET-RESET (RESET pin 20)
PEN (Program Enable) pin and RESET pin can select one of the two pins with the same features they are activated within the iRESET signal) but only in the PEN pin power (VCC about 1.2V) to be read PEN pin is not used to take if this pin is connected to VCC recommended for all other models are using the RESET pin AVR microcontroller to allow serial programming enabled
Q: I can not use the AVR emulator drive an external load correctly when I use the voltage meter to measure the pin on the emulator POD can not drive the load when the pin as if what is wrong?
A. This is the 1.21 version and 1.10 version of the MegaICE ICEPRPO a problem that can be used to upgrade the new version of the emulator software available from site products-> AVR 8bit RISC-> software download page
To upgrade the version to 1.22 version ICEPRPO Download UPGRD122.ZIP file
To upgrade to the 1.11 version MegaICE Download M111UPGR.ZIP file
These files are compressed files that it includes a new emulator for the program file and a PC program code PC program can be used to automatically check and update the simulation
Q: I used with the A / D converter MCU AVR microcontroller work is very good I like the speed of AVR, but I have a problem when I change the A / D converter if the input channel A / D converter to read The data is still on a channel, if I read the second time I get the correct value Why does this matter?
A A / D control and status registers ADCSR there are two bits are used to detect A / D conversion end of the transition when a new start conversion start control bit ADSC is used to test the readiness of whether the previous conversion Results are still being sent to A / D data register when the read A / D data register read is still the natural result of the previous conversion
Conversion in order to get the latest test results should be A / D interrupt flag bit ADIF or enable global interrupt and read in the interrupt service routine
Sample Code
ldi R16 1 Select Channel
out ADMUX R16
sbi ADCSR adif reset interrupt flag
sbi ADCSR adsc start A / D conversion
wait sbis ADCSR adif ADIF is set to wait until
rjmp wait
Q: When a file into the AVR STUDIO always use when it is the first time I used the paper work what is wrong?
A AVD file contains information about window settings and the current target file information is sometimes created by the AVR STUDIO AVD files may be damaged depending on the file appears damaged in different parts of the different phenomena when running AVR STUDIO strange problems arising in the course should first try to remove source code stored in a folder called avd file protection exhibition
Q: If AT90S2313 AVR microcontroller series, all less than 256 bytes of data memory and it can not access the external memory can ignore the XY and Z pointer high byte and only use the pointer to access the low byte of memory can be used?
A data memory registers in all I / O registers and SRAM less than 256 bytes when using the AVR microcontroller
LD / ST instruction when the CPU to access data memory pointer high byte will be ignored this time to allow the high byte of each pointer (R27, R29 and R31) for general purpose storage and pre-cut instructions from the increase (such as LD-Z Rd) does not affect the high byte of attention when using the Z pointer to access FLASH program memory and use ADIW / SBIW instruction will affect the use of the Z pointer high byte
Asked the IAR C compiler how to access the AVR internal EEPROM data memory
A is the AVR AVR internal EEPROM microcontroller I / O memory part of the I / O interface, the form of access can not be accessed using ordinary variables in the standard library routines IAR "ina90.h" macro defined in a special read Write EEPROM
EEPROM read and write the macro has the following prototype
_EEGET (VAR ADR) / * read from EERPOM address ADR values * /
_EEPUT (ADR VAL) / * write the address of VAL to EERPOM ADR *
IAR C compiler does not support the definition of the constants can not be generated in the EEPROM to the EEPROM data file initialization
Assembler with the AVR to do this is very easy to write the first definition of the constants in the code EEPROM
. ESEG
. Org 0x50
datatable:. db $ 01, $ 02, $ 03, $ 04, $ 05
dtableend:. db $ 00
When this code is compiled it produces a. EEP file This file can be downloaded to the microcontroller or MCU in the emulator. Org statement gives the address of the data Interpretation of this variable in the C series devices can be used _EEGET () and _EEPUT () to access
Q: I can not make MCU in power-down mode current consumption drops to the value of the data book how should I do?
A power-down mode is entered when the AVR I / O pins of the state should not change if you have some pins not connected to a three-state input and does not pull the level of these pins are floating and it may cause oscillation resulting in additional current consumption to address this issue should activate all unconnected input pin pull-up resistor that makes these pins have a clear logic level on the pin oscillation problem arising in the case of Open non-activity patterns of hibernation on unused pins is a good way to pull
Second, you then look at the wiring connected to the output pin load on any output pin will be extra consumption in power-down mode current
Q: I observed that my existing microcontrollers during power I / O port is active in my application there is a problem in the system once set I / O pin in the MCU can be a high Turn off the power and that the use of a resistor to the pin during power down in it sometimes still occurs when the power is turned on so high the system immediately shut down the system user appears to not work I guess if I replace the AVR there will be some of the same problem?
A synchronous reset most microcontrollers such as RESET is not yet fully complete MCU requires a certain number of valid clock during power up when the VCC to the start before the crystal oscillator power-on reset value is valid but does not affect I / O pin number and I / O pin is in a random state of AVR's I / O port with reset is asynchronous and ensure that the power is in the process of AVR microcontroller into three states will be able to solve your problem
Q: how to deal with NC-pin AVR microcontroller empty pin?
Do not answer any circuit connected to the NC pin is NC pin reserved for future required
Q: AVR assembler how to define string constants in the
A string can be defined as constants in the FLASH memory or EEPROM data memory
For example, in a string constant defined in FLASH
. CSEG
fstring. db "This is a string in flash" 0x00
Specified in the EEPROM string constants:
. ESEG
eestring. db "This is a string in EEPROM" 0x00
Q: I am writing a large assembler program when I go to add a new line of characters in the file seems to disappear at the end how can I prevent this?
A: The assembler editor has 30K bytes of the file size limit if you want to overcome this limitation must be divided into several modules file and use ". Include" link there is a way to use other editors such as NotePad UltraEdit procedures, and command line mode work assembler (DOS version)
Q: AT90S8515 has 8KB of program memory as RJMP and RCALL instruction only in the context of 2K relative jump instruction set and this part of the JMP or CALL instruction I did not do to jump to all the program memory
A program memory is organized into 4Kx16 the form of so only 4K program memory address space in the assembler, select "Options>> Wrap Relative Jumps" option when the program memory will allow you to skip the boundaries of example, if you from $ FFE to make a relative jump $ 00A program counter will be increased by 12 and the border hidden program memory can only be used this feature of the MCU 8K 4K 16K microcontroller do not hide the border of SCM to use JUMP and CALL instructions.
Q: When I use the UART when the timer / counter can be used to generate any baud rate is?
A does not have a dedicated timer is used to generate the UART baud rate of all the timer / counter can be used for general purposes only
Q: How can AT90S1200 from the outside will wake up from Power-down mode?
A wake-up from Power-down mode AT90S1200 you must enable the external interrupt INT0 interrupt and is low in power-down mode when you go to sleep if the INT0 pin low when the hold time is greater than the internal RC oscillator 16384 AT90S1200 wake cycle will be the internal RC oscillator is used to delay the start until the MCU XTAL oscillator is stable reference AT90S1200 Data Book RC oscillator frequency is affected by the VCC voltage
Q: When I use the SBI and CBI instructions to set or clear the I / O port when a signal bit the same port will affect the other bits?
A microcontroller is not like most of the AVR microcontroller that allows you to safely operate 100% of I / O port signal level This also applies to the operation of the port in doubt refer to each I / O port of the three addresses
Q: Why does every I / O port has three addresses?
A. To enable you to create a 100% secure system to support real time AVR - modify - write I / O port if you want to read I / O pins of the physical-level read PIN when you want to change the output register when the read lock PORT to ensure correct data storage is written back to the port to ensure that all output has always been this way can give you the desired results without relying on the physical level pin this feature to save you for a copy of the safety system port the data into your memory of all this work when you use a lot of commands using SBI and CBI instructions to set / clear I / O port when the signal bit address must always use PORT
Q: Why is SBI and CBI instructions only on the $ 00 - $ 1F of the I / O registers to operate?
All AVR instructions A few exceptions are two-byte length which means that only 65,536 (64K) possible combinations to arrange the AVR instruction set, instruction set, when we take the specified number of compromises to the fullest possible Unlike the use of these combinations 64K CISC instruction can be a microcontroller, two, three or more bytes of the structure of the AVR instructions we can not achieve all of examples like this as an immediate address register and contains all 32 address 8-bit instructions and registers a constant need to address the need for other five all this instruction will occupy space in the 8K instruction mix in other words we can only be eight such instructions are no more instructions can be achieved if be a length of 17 instructions is not economical and convenient scheme will not be considered in the design process AVR instruction set to set up our righteousness we have heard a lot of construction of the C compiler expert advice on how to adjust their instruction set to accommodate the C compiler, a number of suggestions put forward as an example the compiler experts suggest that we brought into place for the immediate SBCI sacrifice ADDI instruction subtraction
Operating instructions for those missing the AVR is easy to prove that the code efficiency should be the realization that we have to find a command instructions and omitted a good way to compromise between
Q: Why now addressing instruction register R0-R15 can not work?
All AVR instructions A few exceptions are two-byte length which means that only 65,536 (64K) possible combinations to arrange the AVR instruction set, instruction set, when we take the specified number of compromises to the fullest possible Unlike the use of these combinations 64K CISC instruction can be a microcontroller, two, three or more bytes of the structure of the AVR instructions we can not achieve all of examples like this as an immediate address register and contains all 32 address 8-bit instructions and registers a constant need to address the need for other five all this instruction will occupy space in the 8K instruction mix in other words we can only be eight such instructions are no more instructions can be achieved while be a length of 17 instructions is not economical and convenient scheme will not be considered in the design process AVR instruction set we listened to a lot of set building meaning we turned to experts in their C compiler, instruction set on how to adjust to fit C compiler, a number of suggestions put forward as an example the compiler experts suggest that we brought into place for the immediate SBCI sacrifice ADDI instruction subtraction
Operating instructions for those missing the AVR is easy to prove that the code efficiency should be the realization that we have to find a command instructions and omitted a good way to compromise between
Q: Why did not EORI instruction?
All AVR instructions A few exceptions are two-byte length which means that only 65,536 (64K) possible combinations to arrange the AVR instruction set, instruction set, when we take the specified number of compromises to the fullest possible Unlike the use of these combinations 64K CISC instruction can be a microcontroller, two, three or more bytes of the structure of the AVR instructions we can not achieve all of examples like this as an immediate address register and contains all 32 address 8-bit instructions and registers a constant need to address the need for other five all this instruction will occupy space in the 8K instruction mix in other words we can only be eight such instructions are no more instructions can be achieved while be a length of 17 instructions is not economical and convenient scheme will not be considered in the design process AVR instruction set we listened to a lot of set building meaning we turned to experts in their C compiler, instruction set on how to adjust to fit C compiler, a number of suggestions put forward as an example the compiler experts suggest that we brought into place for the immediate SBCI sacrifice ADDI instruction subtraction
Operating instructions for those missing the AVR is easy to prove that the code efficiency should be the realization that we have to find a command instructions and omitted a good way to compromise between
Q: I use "sbr r30, 3" instruction set in the register 30, bit D3 of the D3 bit does not work but if bit D0 and D1, the practice can be set where I have wrong?
A "SBR" can be used both in a register set number (like "CBR" can be used to clear the register at the same time a number of) command of the second parameter is not specified in the item number but the number of registers used and for logic or operations in this case, the contents of $ 03 and R30 resulting in a minimum-phase or two-bit bit to just set the D3 one should try the following methods
sbr r30 $ 08
sbr r30 0b00001000
sbr r30 (1 <<3)
The above three lines will have the same results you can choose to use one of your most used
Q: I am multi-tasking system, the interrupt flag in addition to other definitions I need to set and clear the flag should I do?
A register of each symbol with a symbol used to set
ldi flag 01
Or if you want to use the low registers (R0-R15) after reset to clear it and then
inc flag
To set the flag
When the check and clear the flag to do so
lsr flag to move the flag into the flag (flag cleared)
brne flag_was_set If the flag is set to jump
Like you, like all of the interrupt routine before exiting to restore the status register in this way is very safe
Q: How in the AT90S1200 in the constant table function?
A Comparison of the AT90S1200 no LPM instruction is an effective method of constant small table placed in the EEPROM in the address you can use the EEPROM data registers and EEPROM registers effectively, such as direct access to the constant table
. ESEG EEPROM section of the definition
. Db my_var00 = $ 45
. Db my_var01 = $ 4c
. Db my_var02 = $ 5f
. CSEG generic code definitions
If your table is not suitable for placement in the EEPROM in place like this you can in the FLASH
. Def tp = r16 table pointer table index
. Def output = r17 output table in constant
table
ldi output, $ 45
cpi tp, 01
breq end
ldi output, $ 4c
cpi tp, 02
breq end
ldi output, $ 5f
cpi tp, 03
breq end
end
ret
In order to access the table element can be done 2
ldi tp 2
rcall table
When a subroutine return from the table "output" will include "$ 4c"
Q: In the absence of the case ADDI instruction how to register a constant number and the contents immediately add?
A simpler way is a minus a negative number to register the following code is the sum of R20 and 5 in the example of
subi r20 -5
Note that in this case in any case carry flag can not be used to detect if you have the constant overflow into another register, you can use the generic ADD instruction if the constant is 1 you can register using the INC instruction to increase the value of 16-bit The following addition is the same code is r17 r16 and the example of the sum of $ 0b3c
subi r16 low (- $ 0b3c) minus the low byte
sbci r17 high (- $ 0b3c) minus the high byte
Q: In order to achieve single-cycle instruction operation if the external clock frequency?
A MCU is not the real clock is used or not used clock frequency multiplier circuit
Q: AVR instruction cycle using a number of clock cycles?
A. There is only one clock cycle such as adding two numbers in the register is equal to the total execution time of the clock signal on XTAL1 pin is the negative half of the week plus a half weeks
Q: Why AT90S8515 8K, said the MCU?
A majority of CISC microcontroller instructions are variable length instructions by a single byte of some other instructions can also be composed of four bytes is the length of most of the AVR instruction is two bytes in length is four bytes so only a few CPU can not run at startup time just to read and interpret a byte code size benchmarks that we always compare the result and bytes on the 80C51 8K fill a C program certainly fit the AVR 8K
Q: Where can I find the data book?
A. You can selectively from the website you can download them from local distributors and ATMEL office data book you can get e-mail request to

Q: AVR MCU which add more than my current performance?
A very compact code, especially for C programs 4-10 times the speed programmable FLASH memory can be programmed in the system, embedded EEPROM memory chip can be programmed in the system with low power consumption

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