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How Tiny Will They Get? - The Latest Super-Miniature Amplifiers
Newest types of super-mini audio amplifiers show the continuing trend of miniaturization of consumer products such as cell phones or computers. Everything is becoming smaller and vendors are packing more and more features into the same space. The bulk of audio amplifiers would be tube amps in the past. Even though a large number of fanatics still is fond of tube amplifiers, they have been replace by solid state amps for the most part.
Modern solid-state amplifiers merge the traditional pre amp and power amp stages into a neat single box no larger than a DVD player. A new generation of super-miniature amplifiers, such as the Amphony Model 100 microFidelity amp, has become possible due to new developments in audio technology regarding power efficiency. Even though these amps are as small as a deck of cards, they are capable to deliver up to 50 Watts power and easily drive a speaker to full volume.
In history, audio amplifiers would have comparatively low power efficiency due to the "Class-A" and "Class-AB" architecture of analog amplifiers. Only a small portion of the consumed power - typically in the order of 20% to 30% - is actually converted into audio by analog amplifiers. The remaining portion is radiated as heat. This requires that depending on the supported output power, analog audio amps have to offer extensive cooling which is accomplished by employing heat sinks. These heat sinks do not permit these amplifiers to be made very small.
"Class-D" amplifiers are based on a digital design which provides higher power efficiency than "Class-A" or "Class-AB" amplifiers - normally in the order of 80% to 95%. Consequently only a small portion is wasted as heat which was the key in being able to miniaturize audio amplifier designs. "Class-D" amplifiers employ a switching output stage. This stage introduces nonlinearities which causes audio distortion. This difficulty has had an influence on the triumph of digital amplifiers.
Some new amplifier technologies have emerged. Amongst those are "Class-T" and newer generation "Class-D" architectures. These types of new architectures, such as the technology used in Amphony's Model 100 use a feedback mechanism. The output signal is fed back to the amplifier input. By using this feedback, the amplifier can compensate for nonlinearities of the output stage. This enables the distortion to be reduced to levels similar to analog audio amplifiers. At the same time the amplifier provides the high power efficiency of digital amplifiers.
These new generation miniature audio amplifiers open up applications where traditional amplifiers would fail, such as speaker installations where space is premium, including in-ceiling speakers and applications that attach speakers to a cable box or DVD/MP3 player.
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