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Precision And Ultra Precision Machining Situation And Development Trend

Precision Machining HC plastic mesh Editor's note: The current precision and ultra precision machining precision from micron to submicron and even nanometer, in Car , Home appliances, IT electronics and information technology field and the military, civilian industry are widely used. At the same time, precision and ultra precision machining technology has also contributed to the machinery, Mold , Hydraulic, electronic, semiconductor, optics, sensors and measurement technology and metal processing industries.

1, precision and ultra precision machining of the concept and scope

Usually classified according to the precision machining, machining can be divided into general machining, precision machining, ultra precision machining three stages. At present, the precision machining is the machining accuracy of 1 ~ 0.1 ; m, the surface roughness Ra0.1 ~ 0.01 ; m process technology, but this limit, with the advances in processing technology constantly changing, and today Precision Machining may be tomorrow's general processing. Precision machining problems to be solved first, precision, including the shape and position tolerances, dimensional accuracy and surface conditions; Second, processing efficiency, and some processing can achieve better precision, but difficult to achieve high processing efficiency. Precision Machining including micromachining and ultra-fine processing, finishing and other processing techniques. The traditional methods of abrasive belt grinding precision machining, precision cutting, honing, precision grinding and polishing.

A. belt grinding is blended with a sticky abrasive cloth abrasive on the workpiece to be processed, are coated abrasives grinding areas, have high productivity, good surface quality, using the wide range of characteristics.

B. precision machining, also known as Diamond Tools for Cutting (SPDT), with high precision Machine tool And single crystal diamond tool for cutting, mainly for copper and aluminum should not be grinding the soft metal precision machining, such as the computer with the drum, disk and high-power laser with a metal reflector, etc., than cutting accuracy of 1 ~ 2 higher grades.

C. honing, oil sand section consisting of honing stone head, to a certain pressure reciprocating motion along the surface, the surface roughness after processing Ra0.4 ~ 0.1 ; m, preferably to Ra0. 025 ; m, mainly used for machining cast iron and steel, should not be used for processing small hardness, toughness, good non-ferrous metals. Precision grinding and polishing

d. between the workpiece and the tool through the abrasive and the process fluid between the workpiece and the lapping tool for mutual mechanical friction, so the workpiece to the required size and precision machining. Precision grinding and polishing the metal and nonmetal parts can be reached by other processing methods can not achieve the accuracy and surface roughness, surface roughness by grinding Ra 0.025 ; m processing deterioration layer of small, high surface quality, precision grinding of simple equipment, mainly used for flat, cylindrical, gear tooth surface and the spouse of a sealed document processing requirements can also be used to gauge, gauge blocks, fuel injectors, valve body and spool of finishing.

E. polishing is the use of mechanical, chemical and electrochemical methods on a workpiece surface micromachining, used to reduce surface roughness, commonly used methods: manual or mechanical polishing, ultrasonic polishing, chemical polishing , electrochemical polishing and electrochemical mechanical composite processing. Manual or mechanical polishing the surface roughness after processing Ra 0.05 ; m, can be used for flat, cylindrical, and the mold cavity surface polishing. Ultrasonic polishing precision 0.01 ~ 0.02 ; m, the surface roughness Ra0.1 ; m. Chemical polishing process of the surface roughness is generally Ra 0.2 ; m. Electrochemical polishing can be increased to Ra0.1 ~ 0.08 m.

Ultra-precision machining is precision machine tool equipment, spare parts and tool use produced with strict constraints between the relative motion of micro-machining materials in order to obtain high shape accuracy and surface finish process. The current ultra-precision machining is the size precision parts to be processed than 0.1 m, the surface roughness Ra is less than 0.025 m, and the resolution of the machine tool positioning accuracy and repeatability than 0.01 m process technology, also known as sub-micron processing technology, and are the nano-processing technology.

Ultra-precision machining, including micromachining, ultra-fine processing, finishing, finishing and processing processing technology. Microfabrication technology is the manufacture of small size parts processing technology; ultra-fine processing technology is the manufacture of ultra small-size parts processing technology, they are for the manufacture of integrated circuits made the request, due to small size, its accuracy is cut size absolute value to that process rather than the size and dimensions that the ratio of error. Finishing refers to a general reduction in surface roughness and improve the mechanical properties of the surface layer of mechanical processing methods, do not focus on the higher precision, the typical processing methods are honing, lapping, super finishing and no chip processing. In fact, these processing methods can not only improve the surface quality and machining accuracy can be improved. Finishing process is put forward in recent years, a new terminology, it is the corresponding finishing, is not only to reduce the surface roughness and improve the mechanical surface layer mechanical properties, but also higher precision (including the size, shape, position accuracy) and processing methods.

2, precision machining and application of current development

1. Precision molding and application of current development

Precision Casting, precision die forming, plastic processing, sheet metal precision forming technology in the industrial countries attach importance to and invested heavily priority. U.S. Air Force developed over 70 years, "the forging process of modernization program" aimed at forging this important technology is to achieve modernization, greater use of CAD / CAM, manufacturing forgings for the new cycle by 75%. In 1992, the U.S. Department of Defense proposed the "military critical technology list", which includes processes such as molding, CNC computer-controlled spinning, plastic deformation and shear forming machinery, super plastic forming / diffusion bonding process, such as hydraulic extension molding process precision plastic molding process. Abroad in recent years has also developed products for application of air space object "large parts of the forging and the forging of blade forging process", "rapid solidification powder lamination process", "large and complex structural parts spinning molding process", "difficult Superplastic deformation of material forming processes "," advanced materials (such as metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, etc.) forming process ", etc.. China's super-plastic forming technology in aerospace and mechanical industries have applications such as aerospace industry, satellite components, missiles and rocket cylinders and so on, forming method using superplastic titanium alloy manufacturing satellites for recovery tank. With this

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