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What are the requirements for charging a battery?
I am constructing a small wind generator for a college project. The generator currently is producing an output of 2.5V AC output @ 8mA. This should be enough voltage to rectify with a full wave bridge rectifier using Schottky diodes, correct?
Also, the 2.5V and 8mA are only averages and are highly variable even at a constant wind speed. For instance, the output voltage can range from 0.5V to 3.5V over a period of 2-3 seconds. If I rectify this signal, then I will have a DC output with a similarly varying voltage, correct?
I am wanting to store this rectified output in a battery (two AA's, possibly). Can a varying voltage DC current be delivered to a battery or does the voltage need to be constant? I guess I am wanting to know if the rectified generator output will need to be "cleaned up" somehow before sending it to a battery. Thanks
No, the batteries will keep the voltage constant. But you need a series diode, so that when the generator output is less than the battery voltage, the batteries don't discharge through the generator. But if you are rectifying an AC voltage, that is taken care of.
Of course, you need to use rechargeable AA batteries. These are usually 1.2 volts each, 2.4 volts total, but the charge voltage will be higher, probably close to 3 volts.
So the batteries will charge when the DC output is above 3 volts, and not when it is below that.
What you do have to watch out for is:
1. Too high a charge rate. This depends on the battery type and rating. Current that is too high will damage the battery.
2. Overcharging will also damage the battery. Again, depends on currents, and battery type and size. A battery charger usually has electronics that periodically checks the state of the charge on the battery and adjusts the current as needed.
.
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